Law No. 148/2025/QH15 on Digital Transformation will take effect from July 1, 2026.

• Defines key concepts: digital transformation, digital infrastructure, digital platforms, digital data, digital citizens, digital competencies, etc.
• Regulates digital transformation activities: strategy development, infrastructure building, process digitization, cybersecurity protection, digital workforce training.
• Prohibits acts such as sabotaging digital systems, illegal data collection, and exploiting digital transformation for fraud.

• • Digital transformation is the process of transforming operational methods, governance, and service delivery based on digital technologies, digital data, digital systems, digital platforms, and digital processes to create new value, efficiency, and transparency.
  • Digital infrastructure is the collection of technical, connectivity, computing, storage systems and digital technology components that ensure activities in the digital environment, including telecommunications infrastructure, data center infrastructure, cloud computing, and machine‑to‑machine transmission infrastructure.
  • Public digital infrastructure includes shared digital platforms and digital services invested, managed, or guaranteed for operation by the State; built on principles of openness, standards, and high interoperability to serve public interests; capable of safe connection, integration, and interoperability domestically, regionally, and internationally.
  • Digital system is the evolution of an information system, consisting of digital technology components, digital data, digital platforms, software, hardware, algorithms, processing models, and connected devices organized to create, process, store, connect, and operate digital services or digital processes; including real‑time operational systems.
  • Digital platform is an information system that creates a digital environment enabling parties to conduct transactions or provide and use products and services, or to develop products and services.
  • Digital process is a sequence of activities or professional operations performed, processed, and controlled by electronic means in the digital environment.
  • Digital environment is the space for activities, interactions, transactions, and service provision formed and operated through digital infrastructure, public digital infrastructure, digital systems, digital platforms, and digital data.
  • Digitization is the conversion of information, data, and documents from physical or analog form into digital data.
  • Process digitization is the use of digital technologies and digital data to automate and optimize operational processes of agencies, organizations, and individuals.
  • Digital data sharing is the provision, exchange, or permission to access digital data among agencies, organizations, and individuals according to principles, standards, and safety requirements.
  • Digital government is a model for organizing and operating activities of state agencies in the digital environment, based on digital data, digital infrastructure, public digital infrastructure, digital systems, and digital platforms to enable timely decision‑making, efficient administration, transparency, and safe interoperability with organizations, enterprises, and citizens.
  • Digital economy is economic activity based on digital data, digital infrastructure, public digital infrastructure, digital systems, digital platforms, and digital operating models.
  • Digital society is a society in which individuals and organizations primarily operate and interact through digital services, digital systems, digital platforms, and the digital environment.
  • Digital service is a service provided in the digital environment.
  • Online public service is an administrative service and other services provided by state agencies in the digital environment, including fully online public services and partially online public services.
  • Fully online public service is a public service conducted entirely in the digital environment, including submission and receipt of applications, processing, payment (if any), and delivery of results.
  • Partially online public service is a public service in which one or several steps are conducted in the digital environment.
  • Digital citizen is an individual capable of accessing, using, and participating in activities in the digital environment safely and effectively in accordance with the law.
  • Digital competence is the set of knowledge and skills to use digital technologies to participate safely, effectively, and responsibly in activities in the digital environment.
  • Digital workforce is the labor force in all sectors and fields that possesses digital competence to participate in digital transformation activities.
  • Digital divide is the disparity among groups, organizations, and individuals in digital competence, conditions, access, use, and benefits from digital infrastructure, public digital infrastructure, digital technologies, digital platforms, and digital data.
  • Information technology (IT) is the collection of scientific methods, technologies, and modern technical tools for producing, transmitting, collecting, processing, storing, and exchanging digital information. IT is a component of digital technology as defined in the Law on Digital Technology Industry.
  • Digital information is information created using digital signals.
  • Cyberspace is the environment in which information is provided, transmitted, collected, processed, stored, and exchanged through information infrastructure.
  • Information infrastructure is the system of equipment serving the production, transmission, collection, processing, storage, and exchange of digital information, including telecommunications networks, the Internet, computer networks, and databases.
  • Application of information technology is the use of IT in activities in the fields of socio‑economics, foreign affairs, national defense, security, and other activities to improve productivity, quality, and efficiency. IT application is a component of digital technology application.

Article 5. Prohibited Acts

• • Obstructing or sabotaging digital transformation activities; causing interruption, stagnation, or insecurity for digital systems of agencies, organizations, and individuals.
  • Unauthorized access, interference, alteration, disabling, or causing damage to digital systems, digital data, digital platforms, and digital services.
  • Collecting, using, sharing, buying, selling, or exploiting digital data in violation of the law.
  • Exploiting digital transformation for fraud, manipulation, profiteering, or infringing upon the lawful rights and interests of agencies, organizations, and individuals.
  • Abusing official duties and powers to obstruct, discriminate, create monopolies, fragmentation, or restrict competition in the development, operation, and exploitation of digital systems. 

• User‑centric approach, data as the foundation.
• Encourages experimentation with new technologies while ensuring cybersecurity.
• Digital systems must be interoperable, capable of data sharing, have backups, log activities, and protect personal data.
• The State supports enterprises, develops digital infrastructure, and narrows the digital divide.

• The Government issues the national digital transformation strategy.
• The Ministry of Science and Technology serves as the focal agency.
• Develops the National Digital Architecture Framework to avoid duplication and ensure interoperability.

• The Government exercises unified management.
• Heads of agencies are accountable for digital transformation outcomes.
• Organizations and individuals must protect data, comply with the law, and provide accurate information.

• Digital competencies are mandatory in education.
• The State allocates at least 1% of the budget for digital transformation.
• Develops data centers and cloud computing.
• Ensures cybersecurity and controlled technology testing.
• Encourages development of digital twins.

• Administrative procedures are by default provided as fully online public services.
• Citizens are not required to resubmit data already stored in national databases.
• Real‑time monitoring of public service quality.

• Digital economy is a national priority.
• Supports SMEs in digital transformation.
• Protects human rights in the digital environment.
• Narrows the digital divide; supports the elderly and persons with disabilities.
• Develops digital culture.

• Repeals the 2006 Law on Information Technology (with some transitional exceptions).
• Ongoing IT programs continue until completion.